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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions01:23

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Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica
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Shape Transformations of Epithelial Shells.

Mahim Misra1, Basile Audoly2, Ioannis G Kevrekidis3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.

Biophysical Journal
|April 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational models reveal how patterned cell properties guide epithelial sheet deformation. This research clarifies the principles behind tissue bending and shape changes during development and organoid formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial sheet deformations are preceded by mechanical property patterns.
  • The link between cell properties and tissue shape changes is not fully understood.
  • Predicting bending direction and deformation smoothness remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally explore how cell property patterns dictate epithelial sheet deformation.
  • To understand the principles governing tissue bending and shape transformation.
  • To model morphogenetic processes using computational approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized vertex models of epithelial shells composed of prismlike cells.
  • Simulated responses to apical cell contractility patterns (rings and patches).
  • Developed a simpler polygonal cell model incorporating apicobasal polarity and curvature.

Main Results:

  • Model epithelia smoothly deformed into invaginated or evaginated shapes.
  • Simulated deformations mimicked embryonic and organoid morphogenesis.
  • A simplified model effectively captured key observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • Computational models provide insights into epithelial morphogenesis.
  • Patterned contractility drives predictable tissue shape changes.
  • The models offer a framework for studying diverse morphogenetic events.