Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

4.4K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
4.4K
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

13.3K
Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
13.3K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

10.0K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
10.0K
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

18.6K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
18.6K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

5.2K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
5.2K
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

10.9K
Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Impaired Spermatogenesis in the Gut-Testis Axis: A Focused Review of Current Evidence.

Biology·2026
Same author

Single-Mode Capability Enhancement of Curved Sapphire Fiber Utilizing High-Order Mode Suppression Characteristics Applied at High Temperature.

Micromachines·2026
Same author

Dynamic Changes and Future Trend Forecasts in the Global Burden of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Analysis of 204 Countries and Regions From 1990 to 2021, Including the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Immunity, inflammation and disease·2026
Same author

Venocentric perspective on varicocele: summarizing mechanisms and explorations.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same author

Combining bioinformatics and machine learning to identify common mechanisms and biomarkers of childhood asthma and obesity.

Translational pediatrics·2026
Same author

Lysine-Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: Emerging Warheads and Expanding Applications in Medicinal Chemistry.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Synthesis of Compound Giant Unilamellar Vesicles: A Biomimetic Model of Nucleate Cells
10:10

Synthesis of Compound Giant Unilamellar Vesicles: A Biomimetic Model of Nucleate Cells

Published on: July 3, 2025

1.2K

UV-Responsive Supramolecular Vesicles with Double Hydrophobic Chains.

Xiaojin Zhang1, Yu Dai2, Xin Chen3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|April 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created stable supramolecular vesicles using gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and pyrenemethyl palmitate (Py-pal). These UV-responsive vesicles act as drug carriers, releasing doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX•HCl) when exposed to UV light.

Keywords:
UV-responsivenesscyclodextrinshost-guest interactionspyrenessupramolecular vesicles

More Related Videos

Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration
09:29

Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration

Published on: January 19, 2020

9.2K
Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
12:18

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions

Published on: August 3, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Synthesis of Compound Giant Unilamellar Vesicles: A Biomimetic Model of Nucleate Cells
10:10

Synthesis of Compound Giant Unilamellar Vesicles: A Biomimetic Model of Nucleate Cells

Published on: July 3, 2025

1.2K
Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration
09:29

Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration

Published on: January 19, 2020

9.2K
Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
12:18

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions

Published on: August 3, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymeric vesicles often lack stability, limiting their applications.
  • Developing stable and responsive vesicle systems is crucial for drug delivery.
  • Self-assembly offers a promising route to create complex nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop stable supramolecular vesicles with improved stability.
  • To engineer UV-responsive vesicles for controlled drug release.
  • To investigate the potential of these vesicles as drug carriers.

Main Methods:

  • Supramolecular vesicles were synthesized via self-assembly of gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and 1-pyrenemethyl palmitate (Py-pal).
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize vesicle size and morphology.
  • UV irradiation was employed to trigger vesicle disruption and drug release.

Main Results:

  • Supramolecular vesicles with an average diameter of approximately 55 nm and a large internal cavity were successfully formed.
  • The vesicles demonstrated UV-responsiveness due to the photo-breakable ester bond in Py-pal.
  • Controlled release of hydrophilic drugs, such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX•HCl), was achieved upon UV exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Stable supramolecular vesicles can be fabricated through the self-assembly of γ-CD and Py-pal.
  • These vesicles exhibit UV-triggered degradation, enabling their use as responsive drug delivery systems.
  • The developed supramolecular vesicles show promise as efficient carriers for hydrophilic drugs.