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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Acetylene hydrogenation over structured Au-Pd catalysts.

Alan J McCue1, Richard T Baker2, James A Anderson1

  • 1Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK. a.mccue@abdn.ac.uk j.anderson@abdn.ac.uk.

Faraday Discussions
|April 15, 2016
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Summary

Controlled synthesis of gold-palladium (AuPd) core-shell nanoparticles is key for selective acetylene hydrogenation. Incomplete palladium shells enhance ethylene and oligomer selectivity by preventing undesired ethane formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Gold-palladium (AuPd) nanoparticles are crucial catalysts.
  • Controlling nanoparticle morphology influences catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • Acetylene hydrogenation is an important industrial process with challenges in selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of synthesis conditions on AuPd core-shell nanoparticle morphology.
  • To evaluate the catalytic performance of differently structured AuPd nanoparticles in selective acetylene hydrogenation.
  • To understand the structure-activity relationships governing product selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of AuPd nanoparticles using a controlled addition methodology.
  • Characterization of nanoparticle structure (core-shell vs. monometallic phases).
  • Testing catalytic performance in acetylene hydrogenation, analyzing product distribution.

Main Results:

  • Slow addition of palladium favored core-shell formation, while rapid addition led to monometallic palladium.
  • Monometallic palladium catalysts promoted over-hydrogenation to ethane.
  • An incomplete Pd shell on an Au core resulted in high selectivity for ethylene and oligomers, not ethane.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle morphology critically affects selectivity in acetylene hydrogenation.
  • The absence of bulk palladium phases, which form palladium hydride, is crucial for suppressing ethane formation.
  • Uncovered gold sites in incomplete core-shell structures enhance selectivity towards valuable products like ethylene and oligomers.