Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

First Pass Effect01:12

First Pass Effect

10.6K
Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...
10.6K
Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

4.3K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preserved Aesthetic Judgements in Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study Suggests Limited Need for Content Adaptation for Receptive Arts Engagement.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

The physiatrist in Parkinson's multidisciplinary care: from orchestra member to orchestra director.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Performance of a Personalized Smart Cueing Device to Detect Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections for abdominal spasticity and dyspnea in an ambulatory patient with an incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports·2026
Same author

Social anxiety as a trigger for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a case report.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Experiences of Anxiety and Its Relationship to Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Qualitative Study.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
07:19

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

6.4K

Does the StartReact Effect Apply to First-Trial Reactive Movements?

Katrin Sutter1, Jorik Nonnekes1, Valeria Dibilio1,2

  • 1Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Plos One
|April 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The StartReact effect, an acceleration of reaction time from a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS), applies even to the first unpracticed movement. This phenomenon allows for rapid motor program release without prior practice, offering a potential survival advantage.

More Related Videos

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K
An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles
09:27

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Published on: August 25, 2020

4.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
07:19

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

6.4K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K
An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles
09:27

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Published on: August 25, 2020

4.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • StartReact is the acceleration of reaction time caused by a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS).
  • The SAS is hypothesized to trigger a pre-prepared motor program.
  • This study examines if StartReact applies to the initial trial of unpracticed movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the applicability of the StartReact effect on the very first trial of repeated, unpracticed single-joint movements.
  • To determine if a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) can accelerate reaction time in novel motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy young adults performed rapid ankle dorsiflexion movements.
  • Participants were divided into two groups, with one receiving a SAS and the other a non-startling sound in the first trial.
  • The experiment was repeated a week later with counterbalanced first-trial stimuli.

Main Results:

  • A SAS in the first trial significantly reduced onset latencies compared to a non-startling stimulus.
  • Subsequent trials were faster than the first, with a larger difference for non-SAS trials.
  • SAS-induced acceleration in the first trial of the second session mirrored that of later trials in the first session.

Conclusions:

  • The StartReact phenomenon is effective even for movements not yet practiced within the experimental context.
  • The initial SAS-induced acceleration may stem from the lack of integration of new contextual information with existing motor memory.
  • StartReact facilitates rapid motor program release from the very first trial, potentially offering a behavioral advantage in threat response scenarios.