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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

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The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
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Distributed task-specific processing of somatosensory feedback for voluntary motor control.

Mohsen Omrani1,2, Chantelle D Murnaghan1, J Andrew Pruszynski1,3

  • 1Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's Univertsity, Kingston, Canada.

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|April 15, 2016
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Summary

Neural circuits for correcting limb disturbances were identified. Somatosensory feedback rapidly informs sensory and motor cortex, enabling goal-directed motor adjustments crucial for skilled movements.

Keywords:
computational biologycortical responsemechanical perturbationmotor controlnon-human primatesrhesus macaquesensory feedbacksystems biologytask dependency

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Somatosensory System

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of corrective motor responses to limb disturbances is crucial for explaining skilled movements.
  • The rapid processing of somatosensory feedback and its role in cortical circuits remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of somatosensory feedback processing in sensory and motor cortical regions following limb perturbations.
  • To elucidate the neural substrates underlying goal-directed corrective responses during ongoing motor actions and action initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical disturbances were applied to the monkey's arm to elicit corrective responses.
  • Neural activity in various cortical regions, including parietal area 5, primary motor cortex, and dorsal premotor cortex, was recorded.
  • The timing of neural responses to somatosensory feedback during task engagement and target selection was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Somatosensory feedback reached multiple sensory and motor cortical areas within 25 ms of a limb disturbance.
  • During task engagement, parietal area 5 neurons showed an immediate (~25 ms) increase in response to limb disturbances.
  • Action initiation (target selection) modulated neural responses in primary motor cortex (~65 ms) and dorsal premotor cortex, with delayed effects in parietal regions (~150 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Broad parietofrontal circuits form the neural substrate for goal-directed motor corrections.
  • The timing of neural responses varies across cortical regions depending on whether the feedback is salient to an ongoing action or elicits a new action.
  • These findings provide critical insights into the neural mechanisms supporting rapid, goal-directed motor behaviors and skilled movements.