Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 22, 2026
05:39
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
Published on: August 2, 2019
10.5K
Fluctuations of the heat exchanged between two quantum spin chains.
Gabriel T Landi1, Dragi Karevski2
1Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil.
Physical Review. E
|April 15, 2016
Summary
We studied heat exchange between two quantum XX spin chains at different temperatures. Our findings show thermodynamic quantities are highly sensitive to quantum phase transitions in these systems.
Area of Science:
- Quantum mechanics
- Statistical mechanics
- Condensed matter physics
Background:
- Understanding heat transfer in quantum systems is crucial for quantum technologies.
- Quantum XX spin chains are fundamental models in condensed matter physics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the statistics of heat exchange between two quantum XX spin chains at different temperatures.
- To develop analytical formulas for heat exchange under weak coupling conditions.
Main Methods:
- Derivation of formulas for average heat and characteristic function under weak coupling.
- Numerical computation of probability distribution.
- Analysis of the thermodynamic limit for arbitrary system sizes.
Main Results:
- Simple formulas for average heat and characteristic function derived.
- Probability distribution can be computed numerically.
- Thermodynamic limit analysis reveals key insights into nonequilibrium settings.
- All thermodynamic quantities show extreme sensitivity to quantum phase transitions in the XX chain.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a framework for analyzing heat exchange in quantum spin chains.
- The sensitivity of thermodynamic quantities to quantum phase transitions is highlighted.
- The findings have implications for understanding thermal properties in quantum many-body systems.
More Related Videos
08:55Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
Published on: June 7, 2018
9.0K
06:26Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
Published on: May 15, 2017
7.7K
Related Concept Videos
01:14Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution
2.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.6K
01:08Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview
1.6K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.6K
01:08NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling
3.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.6K
01:03Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview
2.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.2K
01:23Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes
1.4K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
01:20Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)
1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K