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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Active microrheology experiments often involve driven particles in confined environments.
  • Understanding particle dynamics in crowded molecular systems is crucial for various applications.
  • Previous models often relied on linear-response approximations, limiting their applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically study the dynamics and microstructural changes of a host medium caused by a driven tracer particle.
  • To investigate particle behavior beyond the linear-response (Stokes) regime in confined molecular crowding.
  • To determine the force-velocity relation and stationary density profiles for a driven tracer particle.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical investigation using a decoupling scheme.
  • Modeling a confined lattice system (2D striplike or 3D capillary-like).
  • Incorporating stochastic dynamics for tracer and bath particles.
  • Validation through extensive numerical simulations.

Main Results:

  • The terminal velocity of the driven tracer particle shows non-monotonic behavior with force under certain conditions.
  • Negative differential mobility is observed in specific parameter ranges.
  • The driven particle induces a nonequilibrium steady state with an exponentially decaying stationary density profile past the tracer.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding driven particle dynamics in confined crowded environments.
  • The findings reveal complex behaviors like negative differential mobility, not seen in simpler models.
  • The exponential decay of the density profile highlights the system's departure from equilibrium and unbounded lattice behavior.