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Deformation pathways and breakup modes in acoustically levitated bicomponent droplets under external heating.

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Controlled droplet breakup using heat and acoustics was studied in benzene-dodecane mixtures. Distinct deformation regimes and breakup dynamics were identified, shifting from Rayleigh-Plateau to boiling-induced modes with increasing volatile component concentration.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Acoustic levitation
  • Heat transfer

Background:

  • Controlled droplet breakup is crucial for applications like pharmaceutics, nanoparticle production, and combustion.
  • Understanding droplet behavior under combined thermal and acoustic stress is essential for optimizing these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct thermal-acoustics-induced deformation regimes and breakup dynamics in acoustically levitated bicomponent droplets.
  • To elucidate the physical mechanisms governing droplet surface caving, ligament formation, and subsequent breakup modes.

Main Methods:

  • Acoustic levitation of externally heated bicomponent (benzene-dodecane) droplets.
  • Systematic variation of volatile component concentration (benzene).
  • Analysis of droplet deformation, caving profiles, and breakup dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct deformation regimes: ligaments and bubbles.
  • Demonstrated universal behavior in droplet surface caving, governed by acoustic pressure and surface tension.
  • Observed a shift in breakup mode from Rayleigh-Plateau instability to diffusional entrapment-induced boiling with increased volatile component concentration (>70% benzene).

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals fundamental mechanisms of controlled droplet breakup under combined thermal and acoustic forcing.
  • Findings on deformation regimes and breakup mode transitions are applicable to various bicomponent systems with differential volatility.
  • This research provides insights for optimizing droplet manipulation in diverse industrial applications.