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Finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) reveal how inertial particles concentrate in fluids. Heavier particles are attracted to negative-time FTLE ridges, while lighter particles are repelled, demonstrating Stokes number

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Particle transport
  • Chaos theory

Background:

  • Preferential concentration of inertial particles is a key phenomenon in fluid dynamics.
  • Finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) are used to identify coherent structures in fluid flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize attractor and repeller structures for inertial particle concentration using FTLE fields.
  • To investigate the role of particle inertia, Stokes number, and density ratio in particle dynamics.
  • To demonstrate these concepts using numerical simulations of a double-gyre flow.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of fluid FTLE fields.
  • Analysis of inertial particle trajectories using the Maxey-Riley equations.
  • Examination of inertial FTLE (iFTLE) for particles with non-zero Stokes number and density ratio.
  • Numerical simulations of a two-dimensional unsteady double-gyre flow.

Main Results:

  • Negative-time fluid FTLE ridges act as attractors for heavier inertial particles (aerosols).
  • These same ridges function as repellers for lighter particles (bubbles).
  • The Stokes number exhibits a low-pass filtering effect on particle dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • FTLE fields effectively characterize the preferential concentration of inertial particles in fluid flows.
  • Particle inertia and Stokes number significantly influence particle dynamics and distribution.
  • The study provides insights into aerosol and bubble transport mechanisms in complex flows.