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Risk of coronary artery involvement in Kawasaki disease
María Soriano-Ramos1, Elena Martínez-Del Val2, Sagrario Negreira Cepeda2
1Servicio de Pediatría, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 28041 España. sorianoramosmaria@gmail.com.
Insights
The risk of coronary artery disease in incomplete Kawasaki disease is similar to the complete form. Higher C-reactive protein and lower albumin levels indicate increased coronary artery involvement risk in Kawasaki disease patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Cardiology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis.
- It carries a risk of developing coronary artery disease.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for coronary artery disease.
- To compare risks in complete versus incomplete Kawasaki disease.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 31 patients diagnosed between 2008-2014.
- Used American Heart Association criteria for classification.
- Analyzed patient data for coronary artery involvement and laboratory markers.
Main Results:
- Five patients (16.1%) developed coronary artery disease.
- Similar rates of coronary artery disease in complete (16.7%) and incomplete (14.3%) forms.
- Higher C-reactive protein and lower albumin levels were associated with coronary artery involvement.
Conclusions:
- Incomplete Kawasaki disease carries a similar coronary artery disease risk as the complete form.
- Immunoglobulin therapy should not be delayed in incomplete Kawasaki disease.
- C-reactive protein and albumin levels are potential indicators of coronary artery involvement risk.
Introduction:
Kawasaki disease refers to systemic vasculitis with risk of coronary artery disease. Our objective is to identify risk factors associated with coronary artery disease in patients with complete and incomplete Kawasaki disease.
Material And Methods:
Descriptive, retrospective study conducted in patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease in a tertiary-care hospital between 2008 and 2014. The American Heart Association diagnostic criteria were used to define complete and incomplete Kawasaki disease.
Results:
Thirty-one children were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease; 24 met the criteria for the complete form, and 7, for the incomplete form of this condition. Five had coronary artery disease. One of them had incomplete Kawasaki disease (1/7= 14.3%), and the remaining four had the complete form (4/24= 16.7%). No significant differences were found between both groups (p= 1.0). Patients with coronary artery involvement had a higher C-reactive protein level (median: 16.2 mg/dL versus 8.4 mg/dL, p= 0.047) and lower albuminemia (median: 3.2 mg/dL versus 3.99 mg/dL, p= 0.002).
Conclusions:
The risk of coronary artery involvement in incomplete Kawasaki disease is similar to that in complete Kawasaki disease; therefore, in patients with the incomplete form, immunoglobulin therapy should not be delayed. In our population, C-reactive protein and albumin levels were related to a higher risk of coronary artery involvement.
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