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Magnetic-free non-reciprocity based on staggered commutation.

Negar Reiskarimian1, Harish Krishnaswamy1

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This study introduces a magnetic-free, miniaturized radio-frequency circulator using staggered commutation. This breakthrough enables non-reciprocal devices suitable for integrated circuits, offering enhanced performance and real-time reconfigurability.

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lorentz reciprocity is a fundamental property of most electronic and photonic systems.
  • Non-reciprocal devices like isolators and circulators are crucial for applications from RF to optical frequencies, but often rely on bulky, expensive magneto-optic materials.
  • Current non-reciprocal components are not easily integrated into conventional semiconductor circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate magnetic-free linear passive non-reciprocity.
  • To develop a miniature radio-frequency circulator with enhanced performance characteristics.
  • To integrate non-reciprocal functionality into complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the concept of staggered commutation, a form of parametric modulation.
  • Achieving time-reversal symmetry breaking in very small dimensions (λ/1,250 × λ/1,250).
  • Developing a novel device architecture for integration into standard CMOS processes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a miniature radio-frequency circulator.
  • Achieved significant non-reciprocity in a compact device.
  • Exhibited reduced implementation complexity, very low loss, enhanced linearity, and real-time reconfigurability.
  • Successfully integrated the device into a conventional CMOS integrated circuit for the first time.

Conclusions:

  • Staggered commutation provides a viable pathway for magnetic-free linear passive non-reciprocity.
  • This approach enables the creation of highly integrated, high-performance non-reciprocal components.
  • The demonstrated CMOS-integrated circulator opens new possibilities for advanced communication and information processing systems.