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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Adaptation to Global Change: A Transposable Element-Epigenetics Perspective.

Olivier Rey1, Etienne Danchin2, Marie Mirouze3

  • 1CNRS, UPS, Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France; Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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Summary

Organisms use environment-sensitive transposable elements (TEs) and epigenetic components (ECs) to rapidly adapt to global change. This molecular engine fine-tunes phenotypes and generates heritable variation for evolutionary resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Global change poses significant challenges to organismal survival and adaptation.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving rapid phenotypic responses to environmental shifts are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of transposable elements (TEs) and epigenetic components (ECs) in organismal adaptation to global change.
  • To propose a molecular model integrating TEs and ECs for real-time phenotypic plasticity and heritable variation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on the sensitivity of TEs and ECs to environmental stressors.
  • Conceptual framework development for an integrative molecular engine.

Main Results:

  • TEs and ECs are sensitive to global change stressors and interact dynamically.
  • An integrative engine coupling TEs and ECs enables rapid phenotypic fine-tuning.
  • This engine modulates the production of phenotypic and genetic variation.
  • It facilitates the generation of heritable phenotypes with varying transmission fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed TE-EC molecular engine offers a framework for understanding rapid adaptation.
  • This mechanism is crucial for organisms to cope with the challenges of global change.
  • It highlights the interplay between molecular elements in generating adaptive evolutionary potential.