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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
1.4K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

52.4K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response in Chicken Hatchlings
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Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response in Chicken Hatchlings

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Moving Objects in the Barn Owl's Auditory World.

Ulrike Langemann1, Bianca Krumm1, Katharina Liebner1

  • 1Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Animal Physiology and Behaviour Group, Department for Neuroscience, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Barn owls

Keywords:
Auditory motion discriminationBirdMotion-direction sensitivitySound localization

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Barn owls possess specialized auditory systems for prey localization.
  • Understanding their perception of acoustic motion is key to their hunting success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate barn owls' behavioral sensitivity in discriminating acoustic motion direction.
  • To enable direct comparison between neuronal and perceptual sensitivity for acoustic motion.

Main Methods:

  • Two barn owls were trained to detect changes in acoustic motion direction using wideband noise stimuli.
  • Stimulus parameters like velocity, duration, and angular range were randomized.
  • Discrimination performance was assessed for "inward" and "outward" motion sweeps in frontal and lateral auditory spaces.

Main Results:

  • Larger angular motion range significantly improved discrimination sensitivity.
  • Stimulus velocity and duration had a smaller, yet significant, impact.
  • Owls showed no difference in performance for inward versus outward motion but responded more to frontal stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral sensitivity to acoustic motion in barn owls is influenced by angular range and spatial location.
  • Findings provide a basis for comparing perceptual and neuronal representations of motion cues in the barn owl auditory midbrain.