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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Adipokines in bone disease.

Elena Neumann1, Susann Junker1, Georg Schett2

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Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
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This summary is machine-generated.

Adipokines, bioactive factors from fat tissue, are altered in inflammation and impact rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This review focuses on their role in bone remodelling within these conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue releases bioactive adipokines.
  • Adipokine levels are frequently altered during inflammation.
  • Adipokines influence immune responses and bone remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of adipokines in rheumatic diseases.
  • To focus on adipokine effects on bone remodeling in joint diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on adipokines in rheumatic diseases.
  • Analysis of adipokine expression and function in joint tissues.

Main Results:

  • Adipokines modulate matrix remodeling and inflammatory responses.
  • Specific adipokines impact synovial membrane, cartilage, and bone.

Conclusions:

  • Adipokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
  • Understanding adipokines is crucial for targeting bone remodeling in joint conditions.