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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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The underactive bladder: detection and diagnosis.

Nadir Osman1, Altaf Mangera1, Christopher Hillary1

  • 1Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.

F1000Research
|April 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detrusor underactivity (DUA) causes inefficient bladder emptying, leading to bothersome voiding symptoms like weak urinary flow. Current diagnostic criteria for DUA and the underactive bladder (UAB) are under development.

Keywords:
Underactive bladderchronic urinary retentiondetrusor underactivity

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Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Urodynamics

Background:

  • Detrusor underactivity (DUA) is characterized by insufficient detrusor muscle contraction for effective bladder emptying.
  • Symptoms include weak and slow urinary flow, significantly impacting patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of DUA.
  • To discuss ongoing efforts in defining detrusor underactivity and the underactive bladder (UAB).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of contemporary research on DUA.
  • Analysis of existing definitions and diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • DUA is a common urological condition with significant patient-reported symptoms.
  • While a definition exists, widely accepted diagnostic criteria for DUA and UAB are still under development.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to establish clear diagnostic criteria for DUA and UAB.
  • Standardized definitions will aid in clinical diagnosis and management of bladder emptying dysfunction.