Bronchial-pulmonary arterial fistula with primary racemose hemangioma

Bronchial-pulmonary arterial fistula (BPAF) is a rare vascular malformation complicated with racemose hemangioma. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with BPAF with primary racemose hemangioma. Bronchial arteriography demonstrated convolution, dilation, and aneurysm connected with pulmonary artery, suggesting the presence of BPAF, in the left upper lobe. Since a 20-mm sized aneurysm of bronchial artery and BPAF coexisted, he underwent ligation of bronchial arterial aneurysm and left upper lobectomy to prevent hemoptysis. As neither history of prior illness nor histopathologic findings of vascular inflammation was seen, the present case demonstrated BPAF with primary racemose hemangioma. Establishment of non-invasive treatment strategy for BPAF is urgently required.