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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix
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Engineering human cells and tissues through pluripotent stem cells.

Jeffrey R Jones1, Su-Chun Zhang2

  • 1Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|April 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are crucial for generating functional cells and tissues. Two main strategies, directed differentiation and organoid formation, alongside genomic editing, expand their therapeutic and research applications.

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Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Genomic engineering

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer significant potential for creating functional cells and tissues.
  • Their utility is contingent upon efficient differentiation protocols and applications in disease modeling and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary strategies for utilizing hPSCs in generating functional cell types and tissues.
  • To highlight the role of genomic editing in advancing hPSC applications.

Main Methods:

  • Directed differentiation of hPSCs to achieve specific cell lineages.
  • Spontaneous generation of three-dimensional organoids mimicking in vivo tissue structures.
  • Application of genomic editing techniques to hPSCs and their derivatives.

Main Results:

  • Directed differentiation yields enriched cell populations with defined regional and functional characteristics.
  • Organoid formation provides a model for spontaneous tissue development.
  • Genomic editing enhances the study of cellular function, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic development using hPSCs.

Conclusions:

  • hPSC utility is significantly enhanced by both directed differentiation and organoid formation strategies.
  • Genomic editing further broadens the scope of hPSC applications in research and therapeutics.
  • These advancements pave the way for novel approaches in understanding human biology and treating diseases.