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Broadband spatial self-phase modulation of black phosphorous.

Jingdi Zhang, Xuefeng Yu, Weijia Han

    Optics Letters
    |April 16, 2016
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    Summary

    Spatial self-phase modulation in black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes shows a higher nonlinear response than MoS2. This research quantifies BP

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique optical properties due to quantum confinement.
    • Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising 2D material with a tunable bandgap and strong optical nonlinearities.
    • Understanding nonlinear optical phenomena like spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) is crucial for optoelectronic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) phenomenon in black phosphorus (BP) nanoflake suspensions.
    • To quantify the nonlinear optical properties of BP across a broad range of wavelengths.
    • To compare the nonlinear optical response of BP with other 2D materials like MoS2.

    Main Methods:

    • Femtosecond pulsed laser excitation was used in the wavelength range of 350-1160 nm.
    • Spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) experiments were conducted on 2D black phosphorus nanoflake suspensions.
    • The number of SSPM rings was analyzed as a function of laser intensity to determine nonlinear optical parameters.

    Main Results:

    • The slope of the SSPM ring number versus laser intensity for BP varied from 0.99 to 0.34 in the broadband region, exceeding that of MoS2 (0.25).
    • A constant portion of the fluid globe (ξ) of 0.0067 was deduced for BP, independent of laser intensity above 10 W/cm².
    • The nonlinear refractive index of BP was measured to be approximately 10⁻⁵ cm²/W, and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) was found to be around 10⁻⁸ esu.

    Conclusions:

    • Black phosphorus exhibits significant nonlinear optical properties, making it suitable for advanced photonic applications.
    • The nonlinear optical response of BP is superior to MoS2, highlighting its potential in nonlinear optics.
    • The quantified nonlinear parameters provide essential data for the design and development of BP-based optical devices.