Starch nanocrystals and starch nanoparticles from waxy maize as nanoreinforcement: A comparative study

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Science
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Starch nanocrystals (SNCs) and starch nanoparticles (SNPs) are derived from starch.
• Understanding their distinct properties is crucial for material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the morphological, structural, and thermal behavior of SNCs and SNPs.
• To evaluate their performance in reinforcing polymer films.

Main Methods:

• Extraction of SNCs from waxy maize starch via acid hydrolysis.
• Obtention of SNPs from the same starch using ultrasound treatment.
• Characterization of morphology, structure, thermal stability, and surface charge.

Main Results:

• SNPs are amorphous, smaller, and lack surface charge.
• SNCs exhibit platelet-like morphology and a negative surface charge.
• SNCs demonstrate superior thermal stability in water.
• SNCs enhance polymer film reinforcement more effectively than SNPs.
• SNPs cause less reduction in nanocomposite film transparency due to smaller size.

Conclusions:

• Acid hydrolysis yields platelet-like SNCs with enhanced thermal stability and reinforcing capabilities.
• Ultrasound treatment produces amorphous SNPs with less impact on transparency.
• The choice between SNCs and SNPs depends on the desired application properties.