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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
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Dissociated neural substrates underlying impulsive choice and impulsive action.

Qiang Wang1, Chunhui Chen1, Ying Cai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.

Neuroimage
|April 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Impulsivity involves distinct brain structures and networks for choice and action. Neuroimaging reveals separate neural correlates for impulsive choice and impulsive action, offering new insights into related disorders.

Keywords:
Delay discountingImpulsive actionImpulsive choiceMVPAResting-state functional connectivityStop-signal taskVBM

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Impulsivity is a complex trait with components like impulsive choice and action.
  • These components are linked to psychiatric disorders, but their distinct neural underpinnings are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether impulsive choice and impulsive action share common or distinct neural correlates.
  • To utilize an individual differences approach to link behavior to neuroanatomy and function.

Main Methods:

  • A large sample (n=227) of college students completed delay discounting and stop-signal tasks.
  • Neuroanatomical (gray matter volume, GMV) and functional (resting-state functional connectivity, RSFC) data were collected.
  • Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) with 10-fold cross-validation was employed.

Main Results:

  • No significant behavioral correlation was found between impulsive choice (k) and impulsive action (SSRT).
  • Distinct brain regions predicted k (right frontal pole, left middle frontal gyrus) and SSRT (right inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate cortex).
  • Separate resting-state functional connectivity networks were identified for 'waiting' and 'stopping' systems, predicting choice and action, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Clear neural dissociations exist between impulsive choice and impulsive action.
  • Findings provide novel insights into the multifaceted nature of impulsivity.
  • Results have potential implications for understanding and treating impulsivity-related disorders.