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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

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The hepatitis delta virus: Replication and pathogenesis.

Camille Sureau1, Francesco Negro2

  • 1Molecular Virology laboratory, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), CNRS INSERM U1134, Paris, France.

Journal of Hepatology
|April 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus requiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) for propagation. HDV infection causes severe hepatitis, increasing risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Keywords:
Chronic hepatitisCirrhosisHepatocellular carcinomaViroids

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a unique, defective RNA virus that acts as a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  • HDV shares replication similarities with plant viroids, utilizing host RNA polymerase for its genome replication.
  • HDV infection affects 15-20 million people globally, leading to severe liver disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular aspects of the HDV replication cycle.
  • To elucidate HDV's dependence on HBV for propagation.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of HDV infection and its clinical significance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HDV molecular biology and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of HDV-HBV interactions.
  • Examination of clinical outcomes associated with HDV infection.

Main Results:

  • HDV genome replication and RNP formation are HBV-independent.
  • HDV requires HBV for cell egress and propagation, acting as an obligate satellite.
  • HDV infection exacerbates hepatitis, increasing risks for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma compared to HBV monoinfection.

Conclusions:

  • HDV is an obligate satellite of HBV, essential for its lifecycle.
  • Understanding HDV-HBV interactions is crucial for managing severe liver disease.
  • HDV poses a significant global health challenge due to its severe clinical outcomes.