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Autism spectrum disorders: Integration of the genome, transcriptome and the environment
N Thushara Vijayakumar1, M V Judy1
1Department of Computer Science & IT., Amrita School of Arts & Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Kochi, India.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|April 17, 2016
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition. Understanding its complex genetic and multifactorial causes requires integrating genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors for better diagnostics and therapies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition.
- Characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.
- Complex genetic architecture is being uncovered via advanced sequencing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the necessity of elucidating molecular mechanisms in autism.
- To advocate for a multidisciplinary approach in autism research.
- To emphasize the integration of various etiological factors for diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advancements in gene-finding technology and next-generation sequencing.
- Discussion of the interplay between genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, immune system, and environmental factors.
- Synthesis of current understanding of autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Genetic factors play a role, but a complete understanding requires more.
- Epigenetics, transcriptomics, immune disruption, and environmental factors are crucial contributors.
- ASD is clinically heterogeneous with significant genetic complexity.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive, multidimensional research approach is essential for advancing autism understanding.
- Integrating diverse etiological factors is key to unlocking diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
- Future research must adopt a holistic view beyond genetics alone.
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