Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

14.6K
Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
14.6K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

8.7K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
8.7K
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

3.0K
Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
3.0K
Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

5.1K
The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
5.1K
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

6.8K
The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
6.8K
Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis01:18

Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

2.1K
The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key component of this system is the inferior vena cava, a large vein responsible for returning blood from the abdominopelvic viscera and abdominal walls to the heart.
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Imaging of selective nerves in the lower extremity using wideband linear array ultrasound.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026
Same author

Prediction of the effect of saphenous reflux treatment by prior ultrasound probe occlusion.

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten·2026
Same author

Accelerometer-based assessment of occupational standing time and its association with venous disorders - results of a cross-sectional field study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Dynamic duplex ultrasound for the evaluation of venous circulation in the lower limbs: A pilot study using a portable device.

Phlebology·2025
Same author

What we cannot miss in clinical trials on compression therapy.

Phlebology·2025
Same author

A new approach to pain management in Lipedema.

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
08:39

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

2.1K

Anomalous intraosseous venous drainage: Bone perforators?

Albert-Adrien Ramelet1, Vincent Crebassa2, Carlos D Alotto3

  • 11 Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.

Phlebology
|April 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Anomalous intraosseous venous drainage, termed "bone perforators," is a rare condition affecting leg veins. This study details 35 new cases, highlighting their association with varicose veins and skin changes, and successful treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Anomalous intraosseous venous drainagebone perforatorschronic venous disordersperforatortibia

More Related Videos

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
05:26

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.3K
Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
07:30

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Published on: April 1, 2022

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
08:39

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

2.1K
Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
05:26

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.3K
Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
07:30

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Published on: April 1, 2022

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Phlebology
  • Anatomical Variants

Background:

  • Anomalous intraosseous venous drainage is a rare entity, with limited reported cases.
  • This condition, termed 'bone perforators,' involves unusual venous drainage within the bone.
  • It is often associated with superficial venous insufficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation and diagnostic findings of anomalous tibial intraosseous venous drainage.
  • To report a large series of 'bone perforator' cases observed in clinical practice.
  • To propose a nomenclature and discuss management strategies for this rare venous anomaly.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series involving 32 patients (35 legs) with anomalous tibial intraosseous venous drainage.
  • Duplex ultrasound investigation was used to identify and characterize the bone perforators.
  • Clinical data, including venous disease severity (C2-C6) and symptoms, were collected.

Main Results:

  • 35 cases of anomalous tibial intraosseous venous drainage ('bone perforators') were identified in 32 patients.
  • The majority of affected legs (30/35) were symptomatic, presenting with varicose veins and/or skin changes.
  • In three cases, the venous reflux originated from an incompetent posterior tibial vein.

Conclusions:

  • The term 'bone perforators' is proposed for anomalous tibial intraosseous venous drainage.
  • These perforators can lead to varicose veins, lipodermatosclerosis, and leg ulcers.
  • Surgical or sclerotherapy interventions demonstrated successful treatment outcomes for most patients.