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Working memory and spatial judgments: Cognitive load increases the central tendency bias.

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Summary

High cognitive load amplifies the central tendency bias in memory, leading to stronger overestimations of low values and underestimations of high values. This study also identified a novel anchoring bias in judgments under cognitive load.

Keywords:
AnchoringCognitive constraintsCognitive loadJudgmentMemoryWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Memory for stimuli can be influenced by distributional information, causing a central tendency bias.
  • This bias involves underestimating high values and overestimating low values relative to a distribution's average.
  • Cognitive load (CL) research manipulates working memory to study effects on judgment and choice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of cognitive load on the central tendency bias.
  • To explore potential novel biases in judgment under conditions of high cognitive load.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted manipulating cognitive load.
  • Participants' judgments and memory recall were assessed under varying levels of cognitive load.
  • Central tendency bias and anchoring bias were measured.

Main Results:

  • Participants under high cognitive load exhibited a significantly stronger central tendency bias compared to those under low cognitive load.
  • A previously undescribed anchoring bias was observed in judgments made under cognitive load.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive load enhances the central tendency bias, suggesting working memory limitations impact how distributional information influences memory.
  • The findings reveal a novel anchoring bias, highlighting the complex effects of cognitive load on judgment processes.