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Related Concept Videos

Energy Balance01:19

Energy Balance

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The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
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The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
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Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method
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Comparison between Human and Bite-Based Methods of Estimating Caloric Intake.

James N Salley, Adam W Hoover, Michael L Wilson

    Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
    |April 18, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Counting bites offers a more accurate way to track kilocalorie intake than self-estimation. This bite-based measure of kilocalorie intake can improve dietary self-monitoring and reduce underreporting bias.

    Keywords:
    Calorie intakeEating behaviorObesitySelf-monitoringWeight loss

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition science
    • Dietary assessment
    • Behavioral science

    Background:

    • Current self-monitoring of kilocalorie intake is prone to underreporting bias.
    • Providing kilocalorie information has only partially improved accuracy.
    • Bite count presents a potential objective measure for kilocalorie intake.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an individualized bite-based measure of kilocalorie intake.
    • To compare the accuracy of bite-based estimates against human estimates of kilocalorie intake.
    • To assess the impact of kilocalorie information on human estimates.

    Main Methods:

    • 280 participants consumed meals ad libitum in a cafeteria setting.
    • Bite count and kilocalorie intake were recorded; participants estimated their intake.
    • A predictive model using regression analysis was developed and validated.

    Main Results:

    • Age and sex were significant predictors of kilocalories per bite.
    • The bite-based kilocalorie measure significantly outperformed human estimates.
    • Human estimates were not significantly improved by kilocalorie information.

    Conclusions:

    • Bite count serves as an objective and easily measurable proxy for kilocalorie intake.
    • A bite-monitoring tool could significantly aid dietary self-monitoring.
    • This method offers a more accurate alternative to subjective intake estimation.