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Related Experiment Videos

Reality versus suggestion: pseudomemory in hypnotizable and simulating subjects.

S J Lynn, J R Weekes, M J Milano

    Journal of Abnormal Psychology
    |May 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hypnotizable individuals accurately distinguish real events from suggested ones, even under hypnosis. Simulators, however, were more prone to confabulation when presented with false stimuli.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Cognitive Science
    • Hypnosis Research

    Background:

    • Distinguishing between objective sensory experiences and suggested perceptions is crucial in understanding consciousness and suggestibility.
    • Previous research has explored the boundaries of hypnotic suggestibility and its impact on reality monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ability of hypnotizable and simulating participants to differentiate between actual auditory events and suggested auditory events.
    • To assess the influence of suggestion on perception in individuals with varying levels of hypnotizability.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants were categorized as hypnotizable (N=56) or simulating (N=44).
    • Four experimental conditions were employed: hearing a phone ring, receiving a suggestion to hear a phone ring, both hearing and receiving the suggestion, or neither.

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  • Participant responses were collected through open-ended and forced-choice questioning regarding the source of perceived auditory events.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypnotizable participants demonstrated a strong ability to distinguish objective events from suggested ones.
    • When suggested to hear a phone ring, only a small percentage of hypnotizable participants reported it as real, especially in forced-choice scenarios.
    • Simulating participants showed a higher tendency to report suggested events as real or to confabulate in the absence of stimuli compared to hypnotizable individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypnotizability is a significant factor in the capacity to resist false suggestions and maintain accurate reality monitoring.
    • The findings support the notion that hypnotizable individuals possess a more robust reality-testing mechanism when faced with conflicting sensory and suggested information.
    • Simulators may exhibit a greater susceptibility to suggestion, potentially due to different underlying cognitive processes or motivations.