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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Performing In Situ Closed-Cell Gas Reactions in the Transmission Electron Microscope
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Embedded trees and the support of the ISE.

Michael Drmota1

  • 1Institute of Discrete Mathematics and Geometry, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria.

European Journal of Combinatorics = Journal Europeen De Combinatoire = Europaische Zeitschrift Fur Kombinatorik
|April 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies the link between embedded trees and integrated superbrownian excursion (ISE) using generating functions. It provides an integral representation for ISE

Area of Science:

  • Probability Theory
  • Random Trees
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • Embedded trees are rooted trees with specific label constraints on adjacent vertices.
  • Previous work linked maximum/minimum labels in these trees to the support of integrated superbrownian excursion (ISE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explicitly detail the probabilistic limiting relation between embedded trees and ISE.
  • To utilize generating functions and Jacobi's theta functions for this analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Employing a generating function approach based on Bouttier et al. (2003).
  • Utilizing properties of Jacobi's theta functions.
  • Deriving integral representations involving the Weierstrass P-function.

Main Results:

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  • An integral representation for the joint distribution of the supremum and infimum of the ISE support was derived.
  • The limiting radius distribution in random quadrangulations was re-derived using exact counting generating functions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a more explicit probabilistic connection between embedded trees and ISE.
  • The methods offer new insights into the structure of random trees and related stochastic processes.