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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Hematopoiesis and T-cell specification as a model developmental system.

Ellen V Rothenberg1, Hao Yuan Kueh1, Mary A Yui1

  • 1Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|April 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

T-cell generation involves complex gene networks. This study compares T-cell specification to other models, revealing a unique, dose-sensitive regulatory system crucial for vertebrate development.

Keywords:
commitmentgene regulatory networkslineage hierarchytranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into T cells through a regulated process.
  • Understanding the gene network architecture governing T-cell specification is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the T-cell specification gene network with existing models.
  • To clarify the role of transcription factors in T-cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene network models.
  • Examination of regulatory systems in T-cell specification, invertebrate embryogenesis, and microbial bistability.

Main Results:

  • T-cell specification shares features with combinatorial and master regulator models but has unique characteristics.
  • The system is highly combinatorial and dose-sensitive regarding transcription factor activity.
  • Regulatory factors modulate each other before lineage-specific silencing.

Conclusions:

  • T-cell specification represents a novel hybrid gene network model.
  • This model is relevant for understanding vertebrate developmental systems.