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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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Obstetric Anesthesia Workforce Survey: A 30-Year Update.

Andrea J Traynor1, Meredith Aragon, Debashis Ghosh

  • 1From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; †University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and ‡Division of Biostatistics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|April 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetric anesthesia care has significantly evolved, with changes in labor analgesia and staffing reported by US hospitals between 2001 and 2012. These decennial surveys track shifts in obstetric anesthesia practice.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Decennial Obstetric Anesthesia Workforce Surveys have been conducted since 1981.
  • The 2012 survey aimed to identify changes in obstetric anesthesia provision over the preceding decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess changes in obstetric anesthesia methods and staffing in US hospitals from 2001 to 2012.
  • To understand the evolving landscape of labor and delivery anesthesia care.

Main Methods:

  • A stratified random sample of US hospitals based on annual birth volume and US census region.
  • Electronic questionnaires were emailed to anesthesia providers in charge of obstetric services.

Main Results:

  • Neuraxial labor analgesia was universally available 24/7 in high-volume hospitals (Stratum I).
  • Patient-controlled epidural analgesia use increased significantly in Stratum I hospitals (35% in 2001 to 77.6% in 2012).
  • Independent Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists provided obstetric anesthesia in 68% of low-volume hospitals (Stratum III).

Conclusions:

  • Significant changes in obstetric anesthesia care and labor/delivery ward staffing occurred between 2001 and 2012.
  • Regular 10-year updates are crucial for monitoring trends in obstetric anesthesia practice.