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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
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Decrease of circulating myeloid dendritic cells in patients with chronic heart failure.

Rudin Pistulli, Nadin Hammer, Ilonka Rohm

    Acta Cardiologica
    |April 20, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Circulating myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are reduced in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, with lower levels indicating more severe disease. This finding highlights the role of mDCs in heart failure progression.

    Keywords:
    Chronic heart failurecytokinedendritic celldilated cardiomyopathyischaemic cardiomyopathy

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    Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cardiology
    • Inflammation research

    Background:

    • Immunity and inflammation are crucial in chronic heart failure (CHF).
    • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune players, but their role in CHF is unclear.
    • This study investigates circulating DCs in compensated CHF patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine circulating myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs) dendritic cells in patients with compensated CHF.
    • To correlate DC levels with inflammatory cytokines and heart failure severity markers.

    Main Methods:

    • Flow cytometry was used to analyze mDCs and pDCs in CHF patients (dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM] and ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM]) and controls.
    • Levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-10) were measured.
    • Correlations were assessed between DCs, cytokines, and heart failure parameters (NYHA class, BNP, echocardiography).

    Main Results:

    • Circulating mDCs were significantly decreased in all CHF patients compared to controls, with lower levels in DCM than ICM.
    • No significant changes were found in pDCs.
    • Reduced mDCs correlated with poorer left ventricular ejection fraction, larger LV end-diastolic diameter, and higher BNP levels in DCM patients.
    • mDCs inversely correlated with IL-6 and IL-10 in all CHF patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Blood mDCs are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure.
    • The reduction in mDCs is associated with the severity of heart failure.