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Nitrogen reduction using bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite: A field experiment in a eutrophic

Zhenming Zhou1, Tinglin Huang2, Baoling Yuan3

  • 1College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.

Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)
|April 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite effectively reduced total nitrogen in a eutrophic river. This sustainable method utilized attached bacteria for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, showing significant N reduction.

Keywords:
Bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC)BiozeoliteEutrophic riverSimultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Water Remediation

Background:

  • Eutrophic water bodies suffer from nitrogen contamination, impacting aquatic ecosystems.
  • Sustainable remediation strategies are crucial for managing nitrogen pollution in rivers and lakes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) using biozeolite for nitrogen reduction in a eutrophic river.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of nitrogen removal, including heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, within the BTC system.

Main Methods:

  • A field incubation experiment was conducted in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou, China.
  • Biozeolite, containing Bacillus spp. (heterotrophic nitrifiers) and Acinetobacter spp. (aerobic denitrifiers), was applied as a 2mm-thick capping layer.
  • Total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in overlying water and sediment were monitored over 34 days, with analysis of dissolved oxygen and carbon.

Main Results:

  • BTC with biozeolite achieved a maximum total nitrogen reduction efficiency of 56.69% in the overlying water by day 34.
  • Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification were observed in the BTC system.
  • Significant reduction in TN concentrations was noted compared to control (p<0.05), with biozeolite demonstrating strong in situ bioregeneration.
  • Carbon served as the primary nutrient source for nitrifier growth, while dissolved oxygen levels above 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.

Conclusions:

  • Bioreactive thin-layer capping with biozeolite is a feasible and sustainable technique for reducing nitrogen contamination in eutrophic rivers.
  • Optimizing the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through improved domestication methods is recommended for enhanced performance.
  • The study highlights the potential of microbial consortia immobilized on zeolite for effective in-situ bioremediation of nitrogen-polluted waters.