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Effects on blood pressure of a decrease in sodium use in institutional food preparation: the Exeter-Andover Project.

R C Ellison1, A L Capper, W P Stephenson

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

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Reducing dietary sodium intake in high school students significantly lowered blood pressure. This dietary intervention shows promise for preventing essential hypertension in young people.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • High sodium intake is a risk factor for hypertension.
  • Essential hypertension often develops during youth.
  • Dietary habits established in adolescence can persist into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of reduced sodium intake on blood pressure in adolescents.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of implementing dietary changes in school settings.
  • To determine the potential of modest sodium reduction in preventing future hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled intervention study was conducted in two boarding high schools.
  • Sodium intake was reduced by 15-20% through modifications in food procurement and preparation.

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  • Blood pressure was monitored in students (n=341 control, n=309 intervention) over one-year periods with schools alternating roles.

    • Main Results:

    • Dietary intervention resulted in a statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (-1.7 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.5 mmHg).
    • The observed changes in blood pressure were significant (p=0.003 for systolic, p=0.002 for diastolic).
    • No changes in students' usual eating habits were required.

    Conclusions:

    • Modest and achievable reductions in dietary sodium can effectively lower blood pressure in adolescents.
    • Implementing such dietary changes in schools is a viable strategy for public health.
    • Sustained reduction in sodium intake may significantly decrease the future risk of essential hypertension among young individuals.