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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Exploring 'The autisms' at a cognitive level.

Cathriona Cantio1,2, Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen3,4, Gitte Falcher Madsen1

  • 1Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Mental Health Services in Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|April 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may stem from a single cognitive cause, specifically impairments in Theory of Mind (ToM) and Executive Function (EF). These deficits help classify individuals with autism, but local processing bias does not.

Keywords:
Behaviorautism spectrum disorderscognitionexecutive functionfractionationlocal biassymptomatologytheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents significant genetic and behavioral heterogeneity.
  • The universality of cognitive impairments and their link to behavioral symptoms in ASD remain unclear.
  • Investigating Theory of Mind (ToM), Executive Function (EF), and Local Processing Bias (LB) is crucial for understanding ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ToM impairment, EF impairment, and LB are universal and separable in autism.
  • To examine the relationship between cognitive deficits and behavioral symptoms in ASD.
  • To assess if the link between cognition and behavior depends on the assessment method.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and 37 neurotypical children (NTD) participated.
  • Participants completed tasks assessing ToM, EF, and LB.
  • Autistic symptomatology was evaluated using questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation.

Main Results:

  • ToM and EF deficits significantly differentiated children with ASD from NTD.
  • ToM and EF abilities together correctly classified over 75% of participants.
  • LB was present in a small subgroup, unrelated to ToM/EF, and did not aid classification.

Conclusions:

  • Despite ASD heterogeneity, ToM and EF impairments may represent a core cognitive deficit underlying diagnostic symptoms.
  • LB appears to be a separate characteristic, possibly contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in some individuals.
  • Cognitive factors like ToM and EF are key in understanding ASD, independent of specific behavioral measures.