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Low patch test reactivity to nickel in unselected adolescents tested repeatedly with nickel in infancy

Elisabeth Soegaard Christiansen1,2, Klaus Ejner Andersen1,3, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|April 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Repeated infant nickel sulfate patch testing may reduce later nickel sensitization. Early childhood exposure via patch tests resulted in lower nickel sensitization rates at age 14 compared to first-time testing.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and immunology
  • Pediatric dermatology
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Nickel sulfate patch testing is a common diagnostic tool for nickel allergy.
  • The impact of repeated early-life nickel exposure on later sensitization is not well understood.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of repeated infant nickel sulfate patch tests on nickel sensitization.
  • To compare nickel sensitization prevalence in children with early-life repeated exposure versus those with first-time exposure at adolescence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of two cohorts: Danish Allergy Research Center (DARC) with repeated infant patch tests and Odense Adolescence Cohort Study (TOACS) with first-time testing at age 14.
  • Patch tests with nickel sulfate were administered multiple times in infancy (DARC) or once in adolescence (TOACS).
  • Prevalence of nickel sensitization was assessed at 14 years of age in both cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Nickel sulfate sensitization was significantly lower in the DARC cohort (1.2%) compared to the TOACS cohort (8.6%) at 14 years of age.
  • The DARC cohort experienced repeated nickel sulfate patch testing during the first 36 months of life.
  • The TOACS cohort underwent their first nickel sulfate patch test at 14 years of age.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated early-life nickel sulfate patch testing may lead to reduced nickel sensitization reactivity later in childhood.
  • This finding suggests a potential immunomodulatory effect of early, repeated nickel exposure or the impact of nickel regulations.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind this observed difference in sensitization rates.
Abstract

Keywords:
adolescenceallergic contact dermatitiscohort studyinfancynickel sulfatepatch test

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