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Leisure-time physical activity and sciatica: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

R Shiri1, K Falah-Hassani2, E Viikari-Juntura3

  • 1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. rahman.shiri@ttl.fi.

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Regular moderate to high leisure-time physical activity may offer moderate protection against developing lumbar radicular pain. However, it is unlikely to significantly reduce the risk by more than 30%.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • The association between leisure-time physical activity and sciatica remains unclear.
  • Sciatica, characterized by lumbar radicular pain, affects a significant population.
  • Understanding modifiable risk factors like physical activity is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and the incidence and prevalence of lumbar radicular pain and sciatica.
  • To synthesize evidence from multiple study designs through meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature searches were performed across major scientific databases.
  • A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on data from cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies.
  • Heterogeneity and potential small-study bias were assessed to ensure result robustness.

Main Results:

  • High levels of physical activity (≥4 times/week) were associated with a reduced risk of new-onset sciatica in prospective cohort studies (RR=0.88).
  • Moderate activity (1-3 times/week) showed a weaker inverse association, while activity of at least once/week showed no significant association.
  • Cross-sectional studies indicated a higher prevalence of sciatica with physical activity of at least once/week or 1-3 times/week compared to inactive individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate to high levels of leisure-time physical activity may provide a moderate protective effect against developing lumbar radicular pain.
  • A substantial risk reduction (>30%) from physical activity alone appears unlikely.
  • Further research may be needed to clarify the dose-response relationship and specific types of activity beneficial for sciatica prevention.