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Related Concept Videos

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

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A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions01:29

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

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Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Elastic response and phase behavior in binary liquid crystal mixtures.

Hythem Sidky1, Jonathan K Whitmer1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame du Lac, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. jwhitme1@nd.edu.

Soft Matter
|April 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Density-of-states simulations reveal the complete phase diagram of binary liquid crystals, including previously unobserved nematic-nematic phase separation. Local phase separation and disordering are induced by perturbations and nonlinear stresses.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Binary liquid crystalline mixtures are crucial in advanced materials.
  • Understanding their phase behavior and elastic properties is essential for applications.
  • Previous simulations have not fully captured phase diagrams, particularly nematic-nematic separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fully map the phase behavior and elastic responses of binary liquid crystalline mixtures.
  • To characterize the complete phase diagram, including nematic-nematic phase separation.
  • To investigate the effects of perturbations and stresses on local phase separation and disordering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing density-of-states simulations.
  • Applying the multicomponent Lebwohl-Lasher model for binary mixtures.
  • Analyzing elastic properties across the miscible nematic region.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a full mapping of the phase diagram, confirming predicted nematic-nematic phase separation.
  • Observed local phase separation and disordering induced by small linear perturbations near the transition temperature.
  • Significantly observed local phase separation and disordering under nonlinear stresses.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive phase diagram for binary liquid crystalline mixtures.
  • First-time simulation observation of nematic-nematic phase separation and stress-induced local phase separation.
  • Findings are critical for understanding blended nematics with inclusions or confinement.