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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Photoacoustic Cystography
Published on: June 11, 2013
Radiation exposure in pediatric patients during micturating cystourethrography procedures
A Sulieman1, E Babikir2, N Alrihaima3
1Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, P.O.Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The objectives of this study were to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and the effective doses in pediatric patients undergoing micturating cystourethrography (MCU) procedures. The ESAK was determined using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD- GR 200 A) in 167 pediatric patients. The patient population was categorized into three groups according to age (0-5 years (group 1), 6-10 years (group 2) and 11-15 years (group 3)). The mean ESAK±SD and range (mGy) resulting from a MCU procedure was estimated to be 2.2±0.5 (0.8-9.2), 2.48±0.6 (0.9-8.1) and 3.90±0.6 (1.1-10.3) for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean effective dose was between 0.03 and 0.4 mSv per procedure for the pediatric population. Pediatric patients were exposed to avoidable radiation doses because no gonad shields were used.
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