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Design of Light-Controlled Protein Conformations and Functions.

Ryan S Ritterson1, Daniel Hoersch1,2, Kyle A Barlow3

  • 1California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 308 E, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.

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|April 21, 2016
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Summary

Researchers developed a general protocol for engineering proteins to be controlled by light. This method uses small molecules to enable precise spatial and temporal control over protein function, demonstrated with cadherin and chaperonin examples.

Keywords:
Computational protein designLight-modulatable proteinsPhotoswitchesProtein engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • Controlling protein function with light offers unique advantages like spatial and temporal precision.
  • Existing methods for protein control lack the selectivity and fine-tuning capabilities of light-based approaches.
  • Interest in optogenetic tools for manipulating biological systems is rapidly growing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a generalizable protocol for engineering proteins to be light-controllable.
  • To provide a framework for selecting suitable proteins and modification sites for light-induced control.
  • To demonstrate the protocol's utility with examples from existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a protocol for protein engineering using exogenously introduced photoisomerizable small molecules.
  • Application of the protocol to modify the calcium affinity of cadherin, a cell-cell adhesion protein.
  • Application of the protocol to engineer the opening and closing of the chaperonin Mm-cpn.

Main Results:

  • Successful engineering of cadherin to switch between native and disrupted states using light-induced small molecule reactions.
  • Successful engineering of Mm-cpn to switch between functional states (open/closed) via light-activated small molecules.
  • Demonstration of a systematic approach for protein light-control engineering, from protein selection to functional assays.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol provides a versatile method for achieving light-based control over diverse protein functions.
  • This approach enables precise manipulation of protein activity, advancing the field of chemical biology and optogenetics.
  • The protocol serves as a guide for researchers aiming to develop novel light-switchable protein systems.