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Extramedullary acute myelogenous leukemia.

Melhem Solh1, Scott Solomon1, Lawrence Morris1

  • 1The Blood and Marrow Transplant Program at Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Blood Reviews
|April 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extramedullary acute myelogenous leukemia (EM AML), or myeloid sarcoma, is a rare leukemia subtype. This review focuses on EM AML therapy, proposing a management algorithm for this challenging condition.

Keywords:
ExtramedullaryLeukemiaMyelogenousTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Extramedullary acute myelogenous leukemia (EM AML), also known as myeloid sarcoma, is a rare leukemia manifestation.
  • It often presents with bone marrow involvement but can occur in isolation, leading to potential misdiagnosis.
  • Clinical presentation is site-dependent due to mass effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on EM AML.
  • To focus on therapeutic strategies for EM AML.
  • To propose a treatment algorithm for managing this rare leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on H&E stains, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics.
  • Treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and stem cell transplantation.
  • Cytarabine-based regimens are common for upfront induction.

Main Results:

  • Optimal consolidation strategies require further investigation.
  • Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is considered for high-risk or relapsed disease.
  • Limited data exist on optimal consolidation and risk stratification.

Conclusions:

  • EM AML management requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Further research is needed on risk stratification, molecular aberrations, and optimal treatment.
  • A proposed treatment algorithm aims to guide the management of EM AML.