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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
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Nerve Transfers to Restore Shoulder Function.

Somsak Leechavengvongs1, Kanchai Malungpaishorpe1, Chairoj Uerpairojkit1

  • 1Department of Medical Services, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lerdsin General Hospital, 190 Silom Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand.

Hand Clinics
|April 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Restoring shoulder function after brachial plexus injury is difficult. Nerve transfers are preferred over tendon transfers to preserve shoulder biomechanics and improve outcomes.

Keywords:
Brachial plexus injuriesNerve injuryNerve transferShoulder function

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery
  • Peripheral Nerve Surgery

Background:

  • Brachial plexus injuries pose significant challenges for surgeons aiming to restore shoulder function.
  • Complex shoulder biomechanics, numerous potentially injured nerves/muscles, and limited donor sites complicate surgical restoration.
  • Nerve transfers are generally favored over tendon transfers to maintain natural biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize surgical techniques for nerve transfers.
  • To review clinical results of nerve transfers for shoulder function restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical techniques for nerve transfers in brachial plexus injuries.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes reported in the literature.

Main Results:

  • Nerve transfers offer a viable option for restoring shoulder function.
  • Specific techniques and their associated outcomes are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Nerve transfers are a key strategy for addressing the challenges of brachial plexus injuries affecting shoulder function.
  • This approach preserves native biomechanics, offering improved functional restoration.