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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
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Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

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Nerve Transfers to Restore Elbow Function.

Liselotte F Bulstra1, Alexander Y Shin2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Hand Clinics
|April 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews nerve transfers to restore elbow function, covering elbow flexion and extension. It details surgical options, their limitations, and expected results from existing research.

Keywords:
Brachial plexus injuryElbow extensionElbow flexionNerve root avulsionNerve transfersProximal nerve injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Restoring elbow function after nerve injury is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Nerve transfers offer a viable reconstructive option for patients with specific types of nerve deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of nerve transfer techniques for elbow function restoration.
  • To discuss strategies for improving elbow flexion and extension through nerve transfers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on nerve transfers for elbow function.
  • Analysis of indications, limitations, and outcomes for various nerve transfer procedures.

Main Results:

  • Nerve transfers can effectively restore elbow flexion and extension in select patient populations.
  • Specific donor nerves and recipient nerves are identified for different functional deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Nerve transfers represent a valuable surgical approach for elbow function restoration.
  • Careful patient selection and understanding of technique limitations are crucial for successful outcomes.