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The construct validity of the Perceived Stress Scale.

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The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) shows scalability issues, with data better fitting a two-dimensional model than a one-dimensional structure. This suggests the scale may not accurately measure psychological distress as a single construct.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Psychological assessment
  • Mental health research

Background:

  • Stress significantly impacts quality of life and mental health.
  • The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a common tool for measuring psychological distress.
  • Previous research suggests the PSS-10 may have a two-dimensional structure, contrary to its original single-construct definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the construct validity and dimensionality of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) using modern test theory.
  • To determine if the PSS-10 is predominantly a one- or two-dimensional model.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 32,374 participants in the Danish National Health Survey (2010).
  • Investigated construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
  • Assessed scalability and dimensionality using Rasch analysis and Mokken analysis, including modifications to items and response categories.

Main Results:

  • The PSS-10 did not fit the unidimensional Rasch model, with significant misfit in item four and disordered thresholds in items four and seven.
  • While Mokken analysis suggested unidimensionality, it also revealed disordered thresholds for item four.
  • Data showed improved fit to the Rasch model when analyzed for two dimensions (positive and negative items) separately.

Conclusions:

  • The current version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) exhibits scalability problems.
  • Analysis indicates a better statistical fit for a two-dimensional model compared to a unidimensional model for the PSS-10.