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Colorectal cancers and chlorinated water.

Ahmed Mahmoud El-Tawil1

  • 1Ahmed Mahmoud El-Tawil, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom.

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|April 21, 2016
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Summary

Exposure to chlorinated drinking water increases colorectal cancer risk, but estrogen can help mitigate this. Supplementary measures like boiling water and adjusting mineral content may further reduce cancer risks.

Keywords:
CarcinogenesisChlorinated drinking waterColorectal cancersDNA hypo-methylationGenderOestrogenSex hormonesTrihalomethanes

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Published reports indicate an elevated risk of colorectal cancers associated with exposure to chlorinated drinking water.
  • Chlorination byproducts in drinking water are potential carcinogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the protective role of estrogen against colorectal cancer risk from chlorinated water exposure.
  • To identify supplementary strategies for reducing cancer risk.
  • To investigate potential biomarkers for early cancer detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published reports on chlorinated water and cancer.
  • Analysis of estrogen's biochemical functions related to chemical reduction and excretion.
  • Consideration of public health interventions and pharmacological approaches.
  • Evaluation of DNA hypo-methylation as a potential screening marker.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen demonstrates a dual protective function by reducing the absorption and increasing the excretion of chlorinated compounds.
  • Boiling drinking water, adjusting calcium, magnesium, and iron levels, and prescribing estrogen to susceptible individuals are identified as risk-reduction strategies.
  • Genomic DNA hypo-methylation is proposed as a biological marker for screening colorectal cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen plays a significant role in mitigating colorectal cancer risk associated with chlorinated water exposure.
  • A multi-faceted approach combining environmental modifications and targeted interventions can further reduce cancer risks.
  • DNA hypo-methylation presents a promising avenue for early screening of colorectal cancer.