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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Pedigree Analysis01:35

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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Estimating population size using single-nucleotide polymorphism-based pedigree data.

Robert Spitzer1, Anita J Norman2, Michael Schneider3

  • 1Wildlife Ecology Group Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-901 83 Umeå Sweden.

Ecology and Evolution
|April 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel census method using pedigree reconstruction from genetic data. This technique accurately estimates populations of rare species like brown bears, aiding wildlife conservation efforts.

Keywords:
Brown bearSNPnoninvasive samplingpedigree reconstructionpopulation estimaterarefactionsingle‐nucleotide polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife ecology
  • Conservation genetics
  • Population biology

Background:

  • Accurate wildlife population estimates are crucial for effective conservation and management.
  • Estimating populations of rare and elusive species presents significant challenges.
  • Existing methods may be resource-intensive or less effective for certain species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a new census method for wildlife population estimation based on pedigree reconstruction.
  • To assess the accuracy and precision of this method using brown bear fecal samples.
  • To determine the applicability of this technique for rare and elusive species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a panel of 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic analysis.
  • Genotyped fecal samples from two distinct Swedish brown bear populations.
  • Applied pedigree reconstruction algorithms to estimate population sizes.

Main Results:

  • Population estimates for central Sweden (N=630) and northern Sweden (N=408) were within the 95% confidence interval of official estimates.
  • The precision and accuracy of the estimates improved with increased sampling intensity.
  • The method demonstrated effectiveness comparable to genetic capture-mark-recapture techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Pedigree reconstruction using noninvasive genetic sampling offers a viable tool for augmenting population estimates.
  • This method is particularly beneficial for rare and elusive species where traditional sampling is difficult.
  • The technique can be applied using data from a single sampling session, enhancing its practicality.