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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.6K
Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

Graphs of Polar Equations

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The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

55.7K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
55.7K
Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

9.7K
Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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A Salt-Templated Synthesis Method for Porous Platinum-based Macrobeams and Macrotubes
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Polar metals by geometric design.

T H Kim1, D Puggioni2, Y Yuan3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

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|April 21, 2016
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Summary

Researchers designed and created room-temperature polar metals using thin-film perovskite nickelates. This breakthrough utilizes atomic-scale control to achieve unusual coexisting properties in multifunctional materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Gauss's law states zero electric field in conductors due to charge screening.
  • Polar metals with ordered dipoles are rare, unlike insulating phases.
  • Delocalized electrons in metals generally preclude macroscopic polarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and experimentally realize room-temperature polar metals.
  • To utilize atomic-scale control of inversion-preserving displacements.
  • To explore novel multifunctional materials with coexisting properties.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum mechanical design principles.
  • Ab initio calculations for predicting structural stabilization.
  • Heteroepitaxial thin-film growth on LaAlO3 (111) substrates.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a conducting polar monoclinic oxide in thin-film ANiO3 perovskite nickelates.
  • Demonstrated stabilization of polar A cation displacements via geometric constraints.
  • Observed a previously unreported non-equilibrium structure in thin-film geometries.

Conclusions:

  • Geometric stabilization offers a new route to create polar metals.
  • This approach enables novel multifunctional materials with unique properties.
  • Room-temperature polar metals are realized through atomic-scale engineering.