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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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Location-dependent synaptic plasticity rules by dendritic spine cooperativity.

Jens P Weber1, Bertalan K Andrásfalvy1, Marina Polito1

  • 1Momentum Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony Street, Budapest 1083, Hungary.

Nature Communications
|April 22, 2016
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Summary

Neurons use nonlinear synapse interactions to process spatiotemporal input patterns. Coactive synapses amplify calcium signals and induce long-term potentiation, particularly at distal dendrites, aiding information storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neurons integrate synaptic inputs to process information.
  • Synaptic plasticity underlies learning and memory.
  • Spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity are crucial for neural computation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonlinear interactions between coactive synapses.
  • To determine the sensitivity of synaptic calcium (Ca2+) signaling and long-term plasticity to nearby synaptic activity.
  • To explore the role of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated amplification in synaptic cooperativity.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon glutamate uncaging for patterned postsynaptic stimulation.
  • Measurement of spine Ca2+ signals and long-term potentiation.
  • Analysis of synaptic cooperativity along perisomatic dendrites.
  • Correlation with dendritic Na+ spike propagation.

Main Results:

  • A proximodistally increasing gradient of NMDAR-mediated amplification of spine Ca2+ signals by neighboring coactive synapses was observed.
  • Synaptic cooperativity was correlated with dendritic Na+ spike propagation strength.
  • Repetitive synchronous activation of spine clusters induced input-specific, NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation at distal, but not proximal, dendritic locations.

Conclusions:

  • Sensitive synaptic cooperativity in distal dendritic compartments may promote the formation of functional synaptic clusters.
  • These clusters can facilitate active dendritic processing.
  • This mechanism aids in the storage of information encoded in spatiotemporal synaptic activity patterns.