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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

2.1K
Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

507
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
08:37

Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands

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[Adrenalitis].

W Saeger1

  • 1Institute für Pathologie und Neuropathologie der Universität Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland. w.saeger@uke.de.

Der Pathologe
|April 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal gland inflammation, or adrenalitis, is frequently caused by autoimmune conditions or infections, leading to adrenal insufficiency. Autoimmune lymphocytic adrenalitis is the primary cause of Addison's disease, often requiring significant adrenal cortex destruction to manifest clinically.

Keywords:
Addison’s diseaseAdrenal glandsAutoimmune adrenalitisImmunodeficiencyTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Adrenal gland inflammation (adrenalitis) can result from autoimmune diseases or infections, potentially causing adrenal insufficiency.
  • Autoimmune lymphocytic adrenalitis is a frequent cause of Addison's disease, often co-occurring with other autoimmune disorders.
  • Adrenalitis is significant in post-mortem examinations for determining unclear causes of death, such as Addisonian crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and histological characteristics of adrenalitis.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of various adrenalitis forms, particularly in Addison's disease.
  • To emphasize the role of adrenalitis in post-mortem diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on adrenalitis, autoimmune diseases, and infections affecting the adrenal glands.
  • Analysis of histological features associated with different types of adrenalitis.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation and diagnostic importance.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune lymphocytic adrenalitis, characterized by lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, is the leading cause of Addison's disease, manifesting after >90% cortical destruction.
  • Adrenal tuberculosis, presenting with granulomatous inflammation, is the second most common form, typically stemming from pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • Bacterial and viral infections (e.g., EBV, CMV) usually impact immunocompromised individuals, affecting both adrenal cortex and medulla.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenalitis encompasses autoimmune and infectious etiologies, significantly contributing to adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease.
  • Understanding the distinct histological patterns of adrenalitis is crucial for diagnosis and understanding disease progression.
  • Adrenalitis remains a critical factor in forensic pathology for elucidating causes of death, especially in cases of adrenal crisis.