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Traffic-related air pollution and brain development.

Nicholas Woodward1, Caleb E Finch1, Todd E Morgan1

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Traffic-related air pollution (TRP) impacts brain health, increasing risks for neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive deficits. Animal studies reveal TRP causes inflammation and behavioral changes, suggesting potential interventions for neuroprotection.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Urbanization increases exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRP).
  • TRP is linked to adverse birth outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia.
  • Cognitive effects of TRP are increasingly recognized alongside known cardio-respiratory impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of TRP on brain health and cognition in humans and animals.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of TRP-induced neurodevelopmental and cognitive alterations.
  • To identify potential neuroprotective interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human epidemiological studies on TRP exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Analysis of rodent models examining pre- and neonatal exposure to TRP.
  • Investigation of inflammatory and behavioral changes in exposed animal models.

Main Results:

  • TRP exposure is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and low birth weight.
  • Rodent models demonstrate persistent inflammation and altered adult behavior and cognition following TRP exposure.
  • Observed behavioral and inflammatory changes in rodents exhibit a male bias.

Conclusions:

  • TRP poses a significant threat to brain development and cognitive function.
  • Mechanisms involve persistent inflammation, with potential sex-specific effects.
  • Rodent models offer insights for developing dietary and other interventions to protect against TRP neurotoxicity.