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Heparin and anticoagulation.

Akihiro Onishi1, Kalib St Ange1, Jonathan S Dordick1

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Heparin and its derivatives remain crucial anticoagulants despite newer alternatives. This review details heparin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Biochemistry
  • Drug Discovery and Development

Background:

  • Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide, has been a cornerstone clinical anticoagulant for over 90 years.
  • Despite the advent of newer anticoagulants, heparin and its derivatives maintain significant clinical relevance.
  • This review focuses on heparin-based anticoagulants, including unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and ultra-low molecular weight heparins (ULMWHs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of anticoagulation, including newer agents.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of heparin-based anticoagulants.
  • To emphasize the therapeutic applications, adverse effects, and future prospects of heparin and its derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anticoagulation and heparin-based therapeutics.
  • Discussion of heparin's structure, biological roles, and therapeutic applications.
  • Analysis of adverse effects and future directions in heparin research.

Main Results:

  • Heparin and its derivatives continue to be widely used in clinical practice.
  • Newer anticoagulants have not significantly replaced heparin in most medical procedures.
  • Heparin's structure, biological functions, and therapeutic uses are well-established.

Conclusions:

  • Heparin-based anticoagulants remain indispensable in clinical settings.
  • Understanding heparin's properties is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic use and managing adverse effects.
  • Future developments in heparin-based therapeutics hold promise for improved anticoagulant properties and efficacy.