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Patterns of Pediatric Maxillofacial Injuries.

Salwan Yousif Hanna Bede1, Waleed Khaleel Ismael, Dhuha Al-Assaf

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Pediatric facial trauma, including maxillofacial injuries, is common and varies by age. Younger children experience more soft tissue injuries from falls, while older children face more skeletal injuries from accidents.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric surgery
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgery
  • Trauma surgery

Background:

  • Facial trauma incidence in children and adolescents ranges from 1% to 30%.
  • Pediatric maxillofacial injuries require special consideration due to unique anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics.
  • Children's facial growth patterns influence injury patterns and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence, patterns, causes, and treatment of maxillofacial injuries in 726 children.
  • To compare these parameters across three pediatric age groups.
  • To identify age-specific trends in pediatric facial trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective evaluation of 726 pediatric patients with maxillofacial injuries.
  • Categorization of injuries into soft tissue and skeletal trauma.
  • Comparison of injury types, causes, and treatments across pediatric age groups.
  • Statistical analysis using the Z test for two populations' proportions.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of pediatric maxillofacial injuries and fractures was higher than previously reported, with a male predominance.
  • Soft tissue injuries were more common in younger children.
  • Skeletal injuries and etiologies such as road traffic accidents, violence, and industrial injuries increased with age.
  • Falls and puncture wounds were more prevalent in younger children.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric maxillofacial injury patterns and causes differ significantly across age groups.
  • Age-specific considerations are crucial for managing facial trauma in children and adolescents.
  • Understanding these trends can optimize treatment strategies and improve outcomes for pediatric patients.